Identification

Selenite (Gypsum) Identification Sheet

A very soft sulfate you can scratch with a fingernail, forming clear bladed crystals, satin spar, and desert roses.

Rock type: Sedimentary

For: Collectors, Students

Mohs hardness 2
Streak White
Luster Vitreous, Pearly, Silky Vitreous; pearly on cleavage; silky as satin spar
CleavagePerfect on {010}; distinct on {100} and {011}
Crystal habit Tabular, Prismatic, Bladed, Fibrous, Massive, Rosette Tabular, prismatic, and bladed crystals; fibrous satin spar; massive alabaster; desert-rose rosettes

Selenite is the clear, crystalline form of gypsum (a hydrous calcium sulfate). It is soft enough to scratch with a fingernail, shows one perfect cleavage into flexible (non-elastic) flakes, and does not react with acid, separating it from calcite.

In the evaporite sequence

Gypsum precipitates out of an evaporating brine before halite does, so a playa section often reads bottom-to-top as carbonate, then gypsum, then rock salt — find selenite blades and the halite crusts are usually nearby. Desert roses are the same mineral grown around sand grains in damp basin soils.

Related in the library

Common lookalikes

Calcite (harder, effervesces), halite (cubic, salty), mica (flakes are elastic, gypsum's are not).